Phenomenology and Healthier Organismic Self

Investigating the phrasing of the word Phenomenology and its historical underpinnings, presents me with a suggestion going back to a long convention of philosophical writing. I think that its extremely hard to attempt to clarify what phenomenology implies, in light of the fact that communicating huge thoughts of one savant, will bar others, and my decisions will negate the general concept of what phenomenology is starting to mean for me. Drawing models from phenomenological hypothetical sources, I will coordinate individual experience to help what I comprehend by the term phenomenology.In brief, I am going to begin to clarify what I comprehend about the term Phenomenology by furnishing responses with references from hypothetical sources. I will, in no specific request along this exposition, offer guides to help the motivation behind why I think phenomenology is significant in Counseling and Psychotherapy. In conclusion, I plan to examine my present capacity to comprehend my own, and another person’s perspective with some examples.The expression Phenomenology starts from the Greek word phainomenon, which means appearance, that which shows itself, and, logos meaning science or study. As Hans Cohn puts it, â€Å"the Greek word ‘phenomenon’ is gotten from an action word importance to show up, to come into the light, and ‘logos’, then again, is established in a Greek action word meaning ‘to say’. (Cohn, 1997:9-10). To me this recommends, come into light through discourse, or edify oneself through discourse. In basic terms phenomenology is the investigation of how things appear to be.In request to recognize the wonder of discernment, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), built up a strategy from his previous teacher’s philosophical purposefulness, Franz Brentano (1838-1917) that clarifies how reality can't be gotten a handle on legitimately in light of the fact that it is accessible just through impression of the real world , which are portrayals of it in the brain. This is a technique that endeavors to depict wonders without earlier suspicions, by dismissing earlier convictions or awareness about things, occasions and people.His point was to figure out how to rise above subjectivity and comprehend marvel through understanding as the wellspring of cognizant information (Dermot Moran, 2002:1-22). He planned by this to suspend or section occasions, to go past the standard decisions of recognition to portray the things as they truly seem to be. Husserl’s phenomenological technique incorporates ideas of Noema, ‘the object of our consideration, or, squares of meaning’, Noesis to mean, ‘the experience as it is experienced and the demonstration of awareness itself, or, procedure of presenting meaning’, and Bracketing ‘an demonstration of suspending our partialities and regular interpretations’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154).At this stage, these ideas are helping me to o utline old recognized ‘blocks’ and intentionally depict them. It is additionally helping me to bring to my mindfulness a portion of my personal conduct standards, which I was unconscious of, or mindful looking back, however uninformed of their reasons. Husserl’s technique is smart in that it exposes my ‘perspective dynamics’ (feeling of the real world, preferences, relational intricacies) and encourages me to comprehend and acknowledge how to find my squares. I would now be able to start to verbalize puzzling responses and divulge clandestine feelings of trepidation, when truth about my character and individual characteristics start to be progressively agreeable and real.I regularly have been lost in my very own history not realizing some other way out of it. ‘This felt like a square in my life loosing contact, feeling distanced inside myself and subsequently, forestalling oneself to reach out towards others as completely as I would wish. In my comprehension of phenomenology in the above model, my own squares can keep me from living at the time of now. The models that will follow, there are such a significant number of considerations and feelings diverting me from the snapshot of now.Learning to make cognizant my own suspicions as noema, noesis and organizing, a part of phenomenological decrease called Epoche, was to figure out how to suspend bias, outline a specific conduct in center, and look at the manner in which I see things and individuals. I don’t know whether it is conceivable to interpret this procedure of decrease in all layers of my conduct. Yet, what I can be sure of is, that this decrease procedure has instructed me to know, in an increasingly alert state, of my concealed purposefulness and to assume liability, or better own my considerations and activities deliberately in light of the fact that all the time I scanned for the fault outside of myself.And the inquiry was not to be found outside, however the comprehension of those responses is to be discovered somewhere within me. ‘Bracketing is fundamental on the grounds that the phenomenological request isn't minor actuality discovering, it is the misgiving of purposeful acts’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154). Husserl’s supernatural Phenomenology hasn’t especially been trailed by his understudies and previous associates, for example, Martin Heidegger (Spinelli, 1989:2-3). A comment from Paul Ricoeur follows ‘that phenomenology is the tale of the deviations from Husserl; â€Å"the history of phenomenology is the historical backdrop of Husserlian heresies† (Moran, 2002:2).I find that Husserl’s at the time questionable logical assessments permits phenomenological movement. Be that as it may, his discoveries are a decent premise to address what our actual qualities are, to permit us to examine our capability to be acceptable advisors. For what reason is the connection between Phenomenological the ory, Existential, Person-focused Counseling and Psychotherapy, significant in directing and psychotherapy? I exceptionally before long began to fathom that phenomenology tends to key inquiries of human experience and that this endeavors to analyze the procedure of emotional human instinct, without being taught by some fixed theory.Philosophers have expounded a lot on the idea of oneself, and it is helpful for psychotherapists to reflect on the off chance that they are tending to human issues of presence from the correct edge or simply stressing one from a limitlessness of conceivable outcomes, or basically if the hypothesis needs movement. One worry that I think pertinent to consider is that psychotherapy, especially existential and individual focused advising, center around the advancement of the client’s self-governance (Sanders, 2004). Are the speculations sufficiently open to offer that self-rule, or are they in its push to understand a perspective, restricting its variab ility?In my supposition, it is basic to have an uncluttered brain which is liberated from unbiased suspicions when moving toward psychotherapy and directing. Existential advisors for instance, put more accentuation on the presence, than on the substance through the phenomenological decrease, since they don't wish to suspend presence. Carl Rogers‘s (1902-1987) idea of phenomenology keeps up that information on singular view of the truth is required for the comprehension of the human conduct, and proposes that we live as per our abstract mindfulness (Nye, 1992:97).Rogers accepted that people need the privilege mental and natural conditions to permit the disturbed self to change and locate a more beneficial organismic self. ‘Necessary and adequate states of restorative character change’ (Kirshenbaum and Henderson, 1990:219). There are three center conditions out of the six adequate conditions: Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR), which means really tolerating the ind ividual as they are with no pre-considered decisions encroaching during the time spent the connection among customer and counsellor.Empathy, which means listening cautiously, leaves aside my states of worth, and, Congruence, which means real validness inside the directing relationship (Hough, 1998:103-104). I figured out how to process these conditions through phenomenology. I can see the equal between individual focused and existential psychotherapy, in light of the fact that for instance, Rogers’s treatment includes the advisor's entrance into the customer's remarkable phenomenological world, without endeavoring to scan for oblivious thought processes, but instead focus on quick cognizant experience and desires (Sanders, 2004:4).These conditions must be handled inside myself first, before I can endeavor to offer them to others. To me, there was a scholarly and passionate comprehension of how to coordinate Rogers’ center conditions when with others, yet I was feeling the loss of the connection ‘how’ to do it, on the grounds that the hypothesis felt all extremely sensitive, non-order and cut for the individuals who were brought into the world with those characteristics. I needed it to be a piece of my day by day make up, however I commonly relapsed to old propensities, and felt I had returned to square zero.This is the motivation behind why I think phenomenology is significant in advising and psychotherapy. It is a technique that permits us to strip down any veils or shadows we have and chip away at a significant number of our natural states of worth, for a more beneficial organismic encountering. I have been blessed to discover the way to deal with my actual self, and something unquestionably occurred in my cognizant psyche brought about by the above learning signs. I can genuinely depict with some satisfaction that I am preparing my projections effectively with my ecological relationships.The model that follows, portrays a huge occ asion that gave me I have brought into light what resembled a projection into my full cognizant. Directly toward the start of the scholastic year, I used to hear one of my associates talk, and I used to feel some disturbance. I didn’t know the reason. It was simply after the third week that I addressed myself the motivation behind why on the grounds that the side effect continued. I composed on my diary: I believe I was very insolent today towards ‘Blue Sky’ when she was talking in the gathering experience. (Blue Sky is a nom de plume give all my course bunch associates a pen name to keep their character secured). I reflected

Learn How to Write a Good Essay

Learn How to Write a Good EssayThere are several things that you can do to help you write a good essay. Essays can be extremely difficult, so it is important that you do your best. In fact, an essay that is well written is worth far more than one that is poorly written. You should follow these tips to help you get started.First, you should consider the topic of your essay. A topic for your essay should be something that interests you, so this is an important first step. Whether you choose to write about yourself or others, make sure that the essay is something that you want to read. If you write something that you don't particularly like, then it will be much harder to sell it.Second, you should always make sure that you do not forget to organize your thoughts. Although this is easier said than done, it is necessary. If you do not organize your thoughts then it will be very difficult to create a well-organized essay. Organizing your thoughts can also help you structure the essay and make it flow better.Third, a good essay will include good grammar. Make sure that you are able to use proper grammar. This will help you create a more professional look. Many people are reluctant to make changes in their writing until they are finished, so make sure that you always edit your work.Fourth, you should make sure that you make sure that your style is appropriate for your readers. It is important that you are able to fit your essay into the subject that you are writing about. For example, if you are writing about a person's ability to improve their career prospects, then your style may be more professional. If you write about how you were able to overcome hardships that have been a part of your life, then your style should be more personal.Your writing style is very important. By using proper formatting for your essays, you will be able to create a well-written essay. However, many people do not have the time to make the type of formatting needed for the job. Therefore, y ou can find several courses available online that teach this type of writing.Fifth, you should be careful to learn how to edit your writing when you are doing your best to produce a good essay. Always make sure that you proofread your work before it is submitted to ensure that you have not misspelled a word or misspelled a proper name. Editing is also necessary if you have made any grammatical errors or your grammar is poor.As you can see, there are several things that you can do to help you get started with writing an essay. These tips should be used in order to get you started. If you have never written a school paper before, it can be helpful to learn how to start with a few basic pieces of writing such as using grammar and formatting.

Business Diversity Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Diversity - Case Study Example While developing to make enhancements in business peripheral returns, Fresh nourishment has confronted a few difficulties including ethnicity. This has been outlined by Vivian’s estimations tolerating that she is probably going to confront ethnic difficulties while settling in Phoenix. The business additionally faces correspondence boundary on the grounds that Vivian is thinking about utilizing interpreters to help the buys at Phoenix, which is seen to be commanded by various racial networks. In spite of the way that new nourishment faces various issues as expressed over, the business has put forth a valiant effort to stock assortment of nourishment along these lines speak to a different culture. Besides, the business chief order depends on great correspondence as a method for guaranteeing clients manageability. The hierarchical courses of action to convey uninhibitedly to debilitated individuals from the general public is a reasonable delineation how it regards the nobility o f individuals from the general public (Hellriegel &Slocum, 2007). New nourishment having held onto assorted variety as one of its qualities gets the possibility to catch more extensive market edge. This unmistakably shows the business is focusing on a greater populace thus equipped for getting more significant yields. Moreover, the issue of decent variety is likewise a sign of cultural portrayal. This put the business at the most elevated finish of accomplishing its serious edge. Nonetheless, assorted variety requires extra expenses regarding recruiting experts. For example, for Vivian to interpreters at Arizona she would require an extra overhead expense (Golembiewski, 1995). To get a respectable workforce, Vivian’s enlistment technique involve understanding the earth as this would assist her with relating great with the general public. Besides, she ought to think about contender for interviews for the most part from Arizona. Subsequent to getting satisfactory number, she can continue and put them waiting on the post trial process, as this would help her in recognizing the correct work force who can convey according to

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6 Main Reasons Why Most Students Digress During the Process of Writing a Paper

Another class, another paper. It never seems to end! School life is full of essays, essays, and more essays. Though you may have the best intentions of working on a paper right when you receive the assignment, it can be very easy to get distracted. The best way to stop yourself from becoming distracted is to become aware of the things that get you sidetracked in the first place. Knowing these will help you stay away from them or not do them since you know they call your attention away from the task. 1.   Social Networks Social networking is so fun. It’s the way you stay connected and share your experience. However, it’s also a major time-killer. Because you are already on your computer when you are going through the process of writing a paper, it is always tempting to jump online and see what your friends are up to on Facebook, Twitter, etc. The best thing to do is to turn off your Wi-Fi when writing. 2.   TV Shows Think you are able to produce a timely paper while having Netflix on at the same time? Think again. Even though you think you can type and watch TV at the same time, you can’t. Or rather, you can, but your paper will suffer since you won’t be entirely focused. Turn off the tube! 3.   Friends It sounds like so much fun to go out and party or just hang out with friends instead of writing an essay. Your friends may even make you feel guilty or suggest that you can do your paper later if you say you want to stay home and work on it. Be strong and stern. Your friends will have to wait until you are done (or maybe halfway done). 4.   Food It’s true that many people eat when they are bored or rather not do a task. Putting things off by eating a snack is a really common way that students digress. Wandering around the kitchen opening cabinets to see what’s available, even when you aren’t that hungry is a huge distracter. Resist the temptation! 5.   Smartphones Similar to social networks, phones are a way to get lost in the many apps, text messages, and pictures to look at and play with. During the time that you set aside for writing your paper, you should also turn off your phone to avoid getting sucked in and losing your precious time. 6.   Making Excuses The biggest excuse you can make and one that is commonly used is that you write better under time pressure. This is just another way of postponing the writing process. You know you will have to write that essay eventually. Hopefully, it won’t be the hour before it’s due. Become more self-disciplined and take initiative to finish something that you need to do anyway. The result will impress you in the end.

Globalization and International Finance, Questions and Answer

Q1. History of your topic (i.e. product, country(ies), article, etc)? Please explain in detail your topic selection. Globalization is defined as moving towards a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining; distance is shrinking due to new advance in transportation and telecommunications technology, material culture is starting to look similar the world over; national economies are merging into an interdependent, integrated global economic system (Hill). The word itself. â€Å"globalize†, appeared in the 1960s meaning to â€Å"make global in scope or application†. Can be traced from the Silk Road, route between China and the Mediterranean Sea, which promoted the exchange of ideas and knowledge, along with trade†¦show more content†¦Same way, the increase in income allows India allows to buy from the US. Free trade benefits all. Also, the wage gap between developing and developed nations is closing due to economic growth. When outsourcing to lower-wage countries, it contributes to higher unemployment and lower living standards in their home countries. Free trade allows the goods to be produced thru specialization that they are more efficient in, while importing the goods that they cannot produce as efficiently.The cons are That outsoucing has led to depressed wages in developed countries, by moving firm activities to countries where wages are lower and there is loss of national soverignty. The benefits of globalization outweigh the costs.As country gets rich there is more strict environmental standards. 5. Please explain the policies and/or government dilemmas, if any. Globalization has eroded national soveirignity. Government must devise new strategies for managing programs effectively in a globalized world. Government must adapt to fit traditional vertical systems to the new challenges of globalization and integrate new horizontal sysstems to the traditional vertical ones. Furthermore, the government must enhance its ability to govern and manage the transformed environment. New strategies for efficient management and accountability must be made. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was passed between Canada, Mexico and United States was created after MexicoShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Economic Globalization893 Words   |  4 Pages Economic Globalization: An Analysis of Main Features and Effects Economic globalization refers to the â€Å"increasing interdependence of world economies† (Shangquan, 2000), as a result of free movement of goods, services, technology, capital, and information between countries and across borders. It is one of the three main areas of globalization; economic globalization moves at an increasingly fast pace as movement across borders progresses. While economic globalization has had many benefits and positiveRead MoreBusiness 115 Final Exam Study Guide Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagespoints that you may enter only once. You have 3.5 hours to complete the exam. It consists of 30 multiple choice questions worth 5 points each. There are 5 essay questions worth 20 points each. Be sure to save and save often while you are working on the exam, and submit the exam when you are finished. To earn full credit your response to each essay question should answer the question completely and average 2 – 3 paragraphs in length. The exam reflects the following course objectives and possibleRead MoreWhy Talking About Corporate Governance1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. It because the investors or financial institutions abroad, will be more attracted to inject resources. Consequently, the company will access to better conditions in the international capital markets, being, ultimately, less exposed to the economic crisis. Who s in charge? 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Nursing General Pathophysiology of Cancer Tumors

Question: Discuss about the Nursingfor General Pathophysiology of Cancer Tumors. Answer: Pathophysiology of cancer tumours refers to the physiological changes leading to the formation of tumours and the functional changes which are observed after the disease. Cancer is associated with approximately 150 disease processes which involve unrestricted proliferation and expansion of cells. Cancer is developed as a consequence of varying tissue responses which result in the uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer tumour is a generically used term for neoplasm and is generally classified into two categories which include malignant and benign tumours (Pathology, 2017). While benign tumour is generally devoid of any harmful impacts and is curable, malignant tumour indicates the existence of cancerous symptoms. Malignant tumour is prominently associated with the impact on cell differentiation and change. The malignant cancer tumours are responsible for the limitation on the essential tissue functions which gradually result in notable changes such as lowered immunity. The malignant types of tumour have been observed to exhibit considerable degree of resistance towards the different forms of treatment and are associated with consequential outcomes such as recurrence after treatment and the increased probabilities of the growth of the tumour (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2017). Benign tumours are associated with limited portions of the body and do not spread to other parts of the body other than the localized region. The incapability of benign cancer tumours for metastasis can be considered as the major reason for their localization. The treatment of benign tumours is possible in the initial stages due to their flexible response to the treatment. However, negligence for treatment could result in the increase in size of the tumour, thereby increasing the risks of damage to vital organs and organ systems (NCHPAD, 2017). It is also necessary to apprehend the genetic changes associated with the cancer tumours which account for a significant aspect of pathophysiology of the same. Oncogenes are defined as cancer causing genes and include the impact of the existence of normal genes in high proportions in the case of patients afflicted with cancer (Pathology, 2017). In other cases, oncogenes are also associated with the transmutation of normal genes resulting in cancerous changes in tissues. Tumour suppressor genes are significant for inhibition of surplus cell division alongside limiting the survival of cells with indications of damage to the DNA. The genetic changes are responsible for transformation of normal cells into cancer cells (Dr Ananya Mandal, 2017). Pathophysiology of Colorectal Cancer: Bettys biopsy results suggest moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma grade 3. The pathophysiology of colorectal cancer alongside the evaluation of the biopsy results could help in preparing a viable plan for prognosis and treatment of Bettys health conditions. The pathophysiology of colorectal cancer suggests its proliferation in three sequential stages such as initiation, promotion and progression. The initiation is associated with consistent mutations in DNA which lead to cancerous growth (Fakhoury et al., 2014). In the case of Betty, the adenocarcinoma suggests the cancerous growth of the epithelium i.e. colorectal lining. Genes associated with tumour growth include oncogenes, mutator genes and tumour suppressing genes. Therefore the colorectal cancer in case of Betty can be related to the sequence of genetic alterations which leads to permanent and progressive depreciation in normal control on cell differentiation and growth. Grade 3 tumour observed in the biopsy of Betty indicates that she has moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the cancerous growth is found to be associated with characteristics of undifferentiated and well-differentiated cancer cells (Huether McCance, 2015). However the indication of grade 3 is indicative of poor differentiation in which the cancerous cells are more aggressive and could require strenuous prognosis. Since grading of tumours is a standard for establishing the plan for prognosis, the grading of Bettys colorectal cancer has to be taken into consideration. The poor differentiation of cancer cells observed in case of Betty could be responsible for expansion of the cancerous cell growth along major pathways. The pathways include proliferation of cancer through inflammatory bowel disease, familiar adenomatous polypopsis and associated polypopsis syndromes, hereditary colorectal cancer, familial non-polypopsis colorectal cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer (McCance Huether, 2015). The pathophysiology for colorectal cancer in context of Bettys biopsy results indicates that her recommended modes of treatment could include surgery followed by chemotherapy in order to prevent the growth of cancerous cells. The size of tumour has to be estimated in order to consider the alternative of radiation for treatment of moderately differentiated Adenocarcinoma grade 3 (Tchernof Desprs, 2013). Chemotherapy for Betty: The case of Betty involves a stage 3 colorectal cancer which is also categorized as Dukes C hence the chances of a 5 year survival rate work in favour of Betty (Ncin.org.uk, 2017). However, the first step in the treatment of colorectal cancer is to identify the stage of the cancer which helps in determining the type of treatment i.e. chemotherapy, surgery or radiation. Chemotherapy is intended for the restriction of uncontrolled growth of cancer cells and the two commonly adopted chemotherapy methods include neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is recommended by healthcare professionals for treatment of colorectal cancer in which the size of the tumour is larger and unsuitable for surgery (Tchernof Desprs, 2013). The objectives of adjuvant chemotherapy are indicative of restricting the growth of cancerous cells in the colorectal lining after surgery. The process of adjuvant chemotherapy is also associated with the promising outcome of restrictions on the expanse of colorectal cancer to other parts of the body. The colorectal cancer of Betty is limited to the nearby lymph nodes and therefore it has not expanded to other parts of the body. Therefore the suitable chemotherapeutic treatment for Betty would be adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. While surgery is assumed as an unlikely measure for limitation of cancer growth, the localized nature of the colorectal cancer of Betty creates the opportunities for a surgery. The surgery would involve removal of the affected section of the colon alongside the affected lymph nodes nearby. Removal of the nearby lymph nodes can be termed as partial colectomy and subsequently Betty has to be monitored for remaining traces of cancer in the colorectal lining (Tursi, Papa Danese, 2015). The most commonly used drugs for administering chemotherapy for stage 3 colorectal cancers include different regimens or groups of drugs. One regimen includes capecitabine and oxaliplatin known as Cape Ox and the other comprises of three drugs such as oxaliplatin, 5-FU and leucovorin known as FOLFOX. The alterations in the regimens of FOLFOX could also include administration of 5-FU with capecitabine or leucovorin distinctly. The variations in the different forms of adjuvant chemotherapy could also be used as promising inputs for determining the relevant chemotherapy treatment for Betty (Waldner Neurath, 2014). References Dr Ananya Mandal, M. (2017). Cancer Pathophysiology. [online] News-Medical.net. Available at: https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cancer-Pathophysiology.aspx [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Fakhoury, M., Negrulj, R., Mooranian, A., Al-Salami, H. (2014). Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and treatments. J Inflamm Res, 7(7), 113-120. Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L. (2015). Understanding pathophysiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (2015). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ncin.org.uk. (2017). Colorectal Cancer Survival by Stage. [online] Available at: https://www.ncin.org.uk/publications/data_briefings/colorectal_cancer_survival_by_stage [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability (NCHPAD). (2017). Cancer and Exercise : NCHPAD - Building Inclusive Communities. [online] Available at: https://www.nchpad.org/163/1257/Cancer~and~Exercise [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Pathology.jhu.edu. (2017). What Are Tumors?. [online] Available at: https://pathology.jhu.edu/pc/BasicTypes1.php?area=ba [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Tchernof, A., Desprs, J. P. (2013). Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiological reviews, 93(1), 359-404. Tursi, A., Papa, A., Danese, S. (2015). Review article: the pathophysiology and medical management of diverticulosis and diverticular disease of the colon. Alimentary pharmacology therapeutics, 42(6), 664-684. Waldner, M. J., Neurath, M. F. (2014, February). Master regulator of intestinal disease: IL-6 in chronic inflammation and cancer development. In Seminars in immunology (Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 75-79). Academic Press.

Biography of Amiri Baraka

Biography of Amiri Baraka Amiri Baraka (born Everett Leroy Jones; October 7, 1934–January 9, 2014) was an award-winning playwright, poet, critic, educator, and activist. He played an influential role in the Black Arts Movement and served as poet laureate of his native New Jersey. His career spanned decades, though his legacy is not without controversy. Fast Facts: Amiri Baraka Occupation: Writer, playwright, poet, activistAlso Known As: Leroi Jones, Imamu Amear BarakaBorn: October 7, 1934 in Newark, New JerseyDied: January 9, 2014 in Newark, New JerseyParents: Colt Leverette Jones and Anna Lois Russ JonesEducation: Rutgers University, Howard UniversityKey Publications: Dutchman, Blues People: Negro Music in White America, The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones/Amiri BarakaSpouse(s): Hettie Jones, Amina BarakaChildren: Ras Baraka, Kellie Jones, Lisa Jones, Shani Baraka, Amiri Baraka Jr., Obalaji Baraka, Ahi Baraka, Maria Jones, Dominique DiPrimaNotable Quote: â€Å"Art is whatever makes you proud to be human. Early Years Amiri Baraka was born in Newark, New Jersey to postal supervisor Colt Leverette Jones and social worker Anna Lois Jones. Growing up, Baraka played the drums, piano, and trumpet, and enjoyed poetry and jazz. He especially admired the musician Miles Davis. Baraka attended Barringer High School and won a scholarship to Rutgers University in 1951. A year later, he transferred to the historically black Howard University, where he studied subjects like philosophy and religion. At Howard, he began using the name LeRoi James but would later revert to his birth name, Jones. Expelled before graduating from Howard, Jones signed up for the US Air Force, which dishonorably discharged him after three years when communist writings were found in his possession. Although he became a sergeant in the Air Force, Baraka found military service troubling. He called the experience â€Å"racist, degrading, and intellectually paralyzing.† But his time in the Air Force ultimately deepened his interest in poetry. He worked at the base library while stationed in Puerto Rico, which allowed him to devote himself to reading. He took a particular liking to the works of the Beat poets and began writing his own poetry. After his discharge from the Air Force, he lived in Manhattan, taking classes at Columbia University and The New School for Social Research. He also became involved in Greenwich Village’s art scene and got to know poets such as Allen Ginsberg, Frank O’Hara, Gilbert Sorrentino, and Charles Olson. Marriage and Poetry As his interest in poetry deepened, Baraka met Hettie Cohen, a white Jewish woman who shared his passion for writing. The interracial couple married in 1958 against the wishes of Cohens Parents, who cried at the news of the union. Together, the couple started Totem Press, which featured the writings of beat poets like Allen Ginsberg; they also launched Yugen literary magazine. Baraka edited and wrote criticism for the literary journal Kulchur as well. While married to Cohen, with whom he had two daughters, Baraka began a romantic relationship with another woman writer, Diane di Prima. They edited a magazine called The Floating Bear and started the New York Poets Theater, along with others, in 1961. That year, Baraka’s first poetry book, Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note, debuted. During this period, the writer became increasingly political. A trip to Cuba in 1960 led him to believe that he should use his art to fight oppression, so Baraka began to embrace black nationalism and support Cuban president Fidel Castro’s regime. In addition, his complicated personal life took a turn when he and Diane di Prima had a daughter, Dominique, in 1962.  The next year saw the release of Baraka’s book Blues People: Negro Music in White America. In 1965, Baraka and Cohen divorced. A New Identity Using the name LeRoi Jones, Baraka wrote the play Dutchman, which premiered in 1964. The play chronicles a violent encounter between a white woman and a black man on the New York subway. It won the Obie Award for Best American Play and was later adapted for film. The 1965 assassination of Malcolm X led Baraka to leave the mostly white Beat scene and move to the predominantly black neighborhood of Harlem. There, he opened the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School, which became a haven for black artists such as Sun Ra and Sonia Sanchez, and led other black artists to open similar venues. The rise of black-run art venues led to a movement known as the Black Arts Movement. He also criticized the Civil Rights Movement for embracing nonviolence and suggested in works such as his 1965 poem â€Å"Black Art that violence was necessary to create a black world. Inspired by Malcolm’s death, he also penned the work A Poem for Black Hearts in 1965 and the novel The System of Dante’s Hell the same year. In 1967, he released the short-story collection Tales. Blackness and the use of violence to achieve liberation both factor into these works. Baraka’s newfound militancy played a role in his divorce from his white wife, according to her memoir How I Became Hettie Jones. Baraka himself admitted as much in his 1980 Village Voice essay, â€Å"Confessions of a Former Anti-Semite. (He denied choosing the title for the essay.) He wrote, â€Å"As a Black man married to a white woman, I began to feel estranged from her †¦ How could someone be married to the enemy? Barakas second wife, Sylvia Robinson, later known as Amina Baraka, was a black woman. They had a Yoruba marriage ceremony in 1967, the year Baraka published the poetry collection Black Magic. A year earlier, he published Home: Social Essays. With Amina, Baraka returned to his native Newark, where they opened a theater and residence for artists called the Spirit House. He also headed to Los Angeles to meet with scholar and activist Ron Karenga (or Maulana Karenga), founder of the Kwanzaa holiday, which aims to reconnect black Americans to their African heritage. Instead of using the name LeRoi Jones, the poet took the name Imamu Amear Baraka. Imamu is a title meaning spiritual leader in Swahili, Amear means prince, and Baraka essentially means a divine blessing.† He ultimately went by Amiri Baraka. In 1968, Baraka co-edited Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing and his play Home on the Range was staged to benefit the Black Panther party. He also chaired the Committee for Unified Newark, founded and chaired  the Congress of African People, and was a chief organizer of the National Black Political Convention. By the 1970s, Baraka began to champion the liberation of â€Å"third-world† peoples across the globe rather than black nationalism. He embraced a Marxist-Leninist philosophy and became a lecturer in 1979 in the Africana studies department of the State University of New York, Stony Brook, where he later became a professor. He was also a visiting professor at Columbia University and Rutgers University and taught at the New School, San Francisco State, University of Buffalo, and George Washington University. In 1984, Baraka’s memoir, The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka, was published. He went on to win the American Book Award in 1989 and the Langston Hughes Award. In 1998, he landed a role in the feature film Bulworth, starring  Warren Beatty. Later Years In 2002, Baraka received another honor when he became New Jersey’s poet laureate. But an anti-Semitism scandal ultimately drove him from the role. The controversy stemmed from a poem he wrote after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks called â€Å"Somebody Blew Up America?† In the poem, Baraka suggested that Israel had advanced warning of the attacks on the World Trade Center. The poem includes the lines: Who know why Five Israelis was filming the explosionAnd cracking they sides at the notion†¦Who knew the World Trade Center was gonna get bombedWho told 4000 Israeli workers at the Twin TowersTo stay home that day Baraka said that the poem wasn’t anti-Semitic because it referenced Israel rather than Jews as a whole. The Anti-Defamation League argued that Baraka’s words were indeed anti-Semitic. The poet served as New Jersey’s poet laureate at the time, and then-Gov. Jim McGreevey attempted to oust him from the role. McGreevey (who would later resign as governor for unrelated reasons) couldn’t legally force Baraka to step down, so the state senate passed legislation to abolish the post altogether. When the law took effect on July 2, 2003, Baraka was no longer poet laureate. Death On Jan. 9, 2014, Amiri Baraka died at Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, where he had been a patient since December. Upon his death, Baraka had written more than 50 books in a wide range  of genres. His funeral took place Jan. 18 at Newark Symphony Hall. Sources Amiri Baraka 1934-2014. Poetry Foundation.Fox, Margalit. Amiri Baraka, Polarizing Poet and Playwright, Dies at 79. New York Times, 9 January, 2014. Amiri Baraka. Poets.org.

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex

Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex Temporal Lobes The temporal lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. They are located in the largest division of the brain known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). As with the three other brain lobes (frontal,  occipital, and parietal), there is one temporal lobe located in each brain hemisphere. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. Damage to this area of the brain can result in problems with memory, understanding language, and maintaining emotional control. Function The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body including: Auditory PerceptionMemorySpeechLanguage ComprehensionEmotional ResponsesVisual PerceptionFacial Recognition Limbic system structures of the temporal lobe are responsible for regulating many of our emotions, as well as forming and processing memories. The amygdala controls many of the autonomic responses associated with fear. It regulates our fight or flight response, as well as helps us develop a healthy sense of fear through fear conditioning. The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and other areas of the cerebral cortex.  In addition, the olfactory cortex is located in the temporal lobe. As such, the temporal lobes are involved in organizing and processing sensory information. Another limbic system structure, the hippocampus, aids in memory formation and connecting our emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. The temporal lobe aids in auditory processing and the perception of sound. They are also vital to language comprehension and speech. An area of the brain called Wernickes Area is found in the temporal lobes. This area helps us to process words and understand spoken language. Location Directionally, the temporal lobes are anterior to the occipital lobes and inferior to the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. A  large deep groove known as the Fissure of Sylvius separates the parietal and temporal lobes. Temporal Lobes: Damage Damage to the temporal lobes can present a number of issues. Damage resulting from a stroke or seizure can produce an inability to understand language or to speak properly. An individual may have difficulty hearing or perceiving sound. Temporal lobe damage may also result in the development of anxiety disorders, impaired memory formation, aggressive behavior, and hallucinations. In some cases, patients may even develop a condition called Capgras Delusion,  which is the belief that people, often loved ones, are not who they appear to be.

Aquinas's Five Proofs for the existence of God Essay

Aquinas's Five Proofs for the existence of God - Essay Example The first proof as often called the Argument of the Unmoved Mover. According to it, there are many things in the world that are in motion; yet, the latter is always cased by a mover1. Keeping in mind that the infinite regress of mover is not possible, one will have to agree that ultimately there will be the mover that was not moved by the outside force. In other words, the above mentioned mover is unique since it was unmoved and yet became moved all other things in the Universe. It is quite understandable that this peculiar mover is God. The next proof is referred to as the Argument of the First Cause. It is somewhat similar to the previously mentioned one; however, it places emphasis on a different aspect of reality. According to it, there is a net of causes which connects things in the Universe. In other words, everything is causes by something else2. However, it is absolutely impossible to regress this process infinitely. In other words, there will ultimately be a cause which wasn’t caused by something else. One would make no mistake that this definition fits the idea of God as the supreme cause that is not caused by anything. The third proof it called the Argument from Contingency. As it has already been pointed out, this is another form of the cosmological argument since it involves a logic that is similar to the previous two arguments. According to it, the key aspect of proof of existence of God is contingency of things. Aquinas points out that that everything in the Universe is contingent that would mean that there would be time when no thing exists and, consequentially, no thing would appear3. That is why God is surely a being that is not contingent on other beings. As a result, the very existence of the Universe should be seen as proof of His existence. The fourth argument employs a completely different approach towards the procedure of proving

Shoplifting and customer satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Shoplifting and customer satisfaction - Essay Example Shoplifting is a serious crime that affects all retail operations. It is directly responsible for the increase in the price of goods and indirectly affects customer services. Many methods exist to reduce shoplifting, both intrusive such as physical checks of packages on exit and unobtrusive means, such as electronic tagging and closed circuit cameras. The two basic approaches to reducing shoplifting directly affect the customer thereby causing a loss of customer satisfaction or attempt to prevent shoplifting through a systems approach to the problem wherein the fallout on the customer is minimized. The two papers selected for study analyze these issue The first is a paper by the 'A Small Business Development Centre' (ASBDC) which deals exclusively with reducing shop lifting on the shop floor. The second paper, by the American District Telegraph (ADT) Security Systems deals not only with losses that occur at the retail end of the business i.e. the shop floor, but also addresses other issues such as losses due employee theft and poor procedures, which also contribute to overall losses. All these measures are in the backdrop of ensuring that customer service should not be affected to such an extent as to affect the store's profitability. An interesting fact that emerges is that electronic tagging, the least intrusive measure, is the most effective method to reduce shoplifting losses. ... Most shoplifters are amateurs, out to make a quick buck and hence easy to detect and deter. In order to implement suitable deterrent measures, it is first necessary to understand the various types of people that go in for such crimes. Juvenile Offenders. Juveniles account for a majority of all shoplifting cases, usually as a dare or for cheap thrills. Young children feel that no one will suspect them, or if caught, will be let-off lightly on account of their youth. However, shoplifting is often the pre-cursor o other more serious forms of crime and hence should be dealt with strictly. Impulse Shoplifters. This is often the result of a momentary loss of judgement given a suitable opportunity, however fleeting. This is the easiest to deter through simple, low cost methods, since such shoplifters are basically decent people who did not have any pre-meditated intent to shoplift. Alcoholics, Addicts etc. Such types of people shoplift to meet their physical needs. These criminal types are possible more easier to detect, but are also more likely to turn violent if confronted and hence need to be tackled with the utmost caution. Kleptomaniacs. Such persons shoplift due to psychological reasons and can be quite devious. Often they may not even have any use for the item(s) being stolen since it is the act of stealing that satisfies them. Nevertheless, it still remains a crime and needs to be dealt with accordingly. Professionals. Usually highly skilled and difficult to spot, professionals generally look for lucrative items with re-sale value and quick turn-around. If belonging to any organized underworld groups, can be difficult to prosecute, and hence dissuasion through deterrence is

Fast Food vs Organic Essay Example for Free

Fast Food vs Organic Essay Have you ever sat and back and wondered why there are so many obese people in the U. S.? You would think that with all of the buzz about organic foods that we have available, that we would slowly be getting better with our weight as a country. Unfortunately the reality of the situation is organic food are expensive and with the way the economy is today many people are working on a budget and simply cannot afford to splurge on the organic items. So now that we know that lets look at the second half of that equation, Fast Food! Now as much as people criticize the fast food industry it’s convenient and like the name says fast. Now days most people do not want to come home after a long, hard day of work and slave over the stove to cook a hot meal for their family. However what they don’t realize is how much that food is poisoning us. Take McDonalds for example, it has been brought to the public’s attention just what goes on when they are making their food. The food looks like food that you would make in your kitchen, but it is actually manufactured. French fries use to be made by potatoes peeled in the back room and cut into strips. Today they are made in large factories, frozen and processed. Some of the ingredients are very fatty. Even though they have said that they â€Å"were† injecting the chicken nuggets with a pink dye, people are still running to the franchise for their food. I am not judging anyone by any means just stating my observations. Now if you think about it most families probably spend about $100 a week on fast food. Why would so people spend so much money on fast food you ask? Its simple its easy, and its convenient and inexpensive. Compared to other foods its something that working people and ordinary people can go out and enjoy. The design of a fast food restaurant is very well thought out. We form our eating habits as children so they try to nurture clients as youngsters. Its very important that the fast food companies make sure that their fast food meals for children are healthier. In contrast the benefits of eating organic foods are great and if you can afford them should definitely take advantage of them. The are good for both the earth and the environment. The animals are living stress-free, free-grazing on the land and not being manufactured in deplorable living conditions. Organic farmers use less energy, less water resources, and NO pesticides. Organic farmers’ soil stays rich in content, moisture and nutrients due to careful management of land and using only natural organic matter to grow their crops. When industrialized agriculture arrives in farming communities, many farmers are forced out of business. Each month dozens of new pesticides, show up in local supermarkets and stores. Because they are advertised heavily are purchased and used and thus the destruction of the earth continues slow and steady. Organic farmers, live cleanly. Free of pesticides and toxins.

Ski Stories, Retold :: Personal Narrative Writing

Ski Stories, Retold My parents were avid amateur skiers. For years they have told me the stories of their attempts down the hills and across the countries of Germany, Austria, France, Italy, and Switzerland. My dad becomes animated, imitating the huffing and puffing of his trips and laughing until his belly bounces, a result of less physical activity since those adventures. My mom laughs more quietly and requires more questions to keep her stories going. But both remember the same highlights and downfalls. When they were both stationed in Bitburg, Germany they signed up for the USAFE (pronounced u-safe-y) ski team. USAFE is the United States Air Force – Europe, the American Air Forces in Europe and European Air Forces. â€Å"Some were very good. They had made the Junior Olympics [before joining the Air Force],† Mom said, â€Å"but we were just doing it for fun and a free vacation.† They had minimal ski practice beforehand, but couldn’t pass up the prospective of a free vacation. They got TDY (temporary duty elsewhere) for the ski competitions, so they didn’t have to take leave time. One competition lasted for a week in Berchtesgaden, Germany, a small village near Austria. Mom did the giant slalom and the downhill. The giant slalom is a downhill event with two parallel poles called gates spread apart from other gates all the way down the mountain. The object is to ski through the gates in a specified order as fast as possible. Mom can’t remember how well she did but she â€Å"maybe made it down.† She said, in reference to the downhill event, â€Å"I made extra turns to try to slow myself down. I was fourth place or something; there weren’t many in it. Dad did well in his cross-country event. He was tenth.† Dad said, â€Å"We were lousy.† He chickened out at the top of the downhill. â€Å"We had to stand up there, all cold and holding our poles close, and then just throw ourselves down. We got so stiff, and it hurt so bad.† Mom joined in, â€Å"The tension. Oh, we were so tense. Our neck muscles and shoulders. Because you’re up there and so scared. [Those nights] we filled up the hot tub several times.† Both remembered Harry Morse, the ENT (Ear-Nose-Throat doctor).

Management Forecasts

â€Å"Management Earnings Forecasts: A Review and Framework† by D. E. Hirst, L. Koonce and S. Venkataraman explained the antecedents, characteristics and consequences interlinked with earnings forecasts. Antecedents are characteristics that are prevalent prior to the consequence such as the existing environment/firm specific characteristics; and consequence is the outcome from antecedents and characteristics. Characteristics are the choices the management has deciding on how the report will be issued. The article guides the reader giving explanations of why management decides to release earnings forecasts, interactions of the three variables and its findings and how these findings may impact one period to another. Studies have found that management may issue forecasted earnings to reduce difference of opinions and/or information with the shareholders, to avoid litigation risks when the entity needs to make bad news disclosures and when managers have equity-based compensation tied to extend their wealth. Case Summary According to the case, â€Å"Management Earnings Disclosure and Pro Forma Reporting† by Mark T. Bradshaw and Jacob Cohen states that companies too often exclude information that negatively impacts the company’s earnings per share on their pro forma reports prior to releasing the financial statements that is in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which is based on companies who have released such reports and the response to such reporting by the regulators. According to the case, pro forma reporting was originated by the SEC to provide earnings comparability for investors for differing time periods based on a â€Å"what if† analysis, meaning, what would have happened if this transaction had occurred and what would’ve been its impact on later reporting periods (Regulation S-X 1982). However, multiple incidents have shown that companies abuse the system. Proxim and Cisco, Inc. , both released their pro forma reports prior to their financial statements being released where both of the companies excluded the research and development costs, restructuring charges, mpairment/amortization of goodwill, which resulted in an overall positive net income with net income per share, whereas the financial statements in accordance with GAAP resulted in a loss with loss per share for both of the companies. Managers who are trying to disclose bad news about the company are more likely to issue earnings forecasts in order to avoid litigations (Skinner 1994, 1997). In addition, Trump Hotels and Casino, Inc. DJT) also excluded a onetime charge while including a onetime gain of $17. 2 million, exceeding the analysts’ estimates of $0. 54 per share to $0. 63 per share on their pro forma reporting (Burns 2002). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) responded to their incautious reporting and DJT acknowledged the findings and consented to unyielding commitments if similar violations were to take place again. The DJT incident was the first time the commissions took action against abusing pro forma reporting. Financial forecast data rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s (S&P) recommended for companies to include in their operating earnings such as restructuring charges, write-downs of assets, stock-option expenses and research and development costs and furthermore S&P suggested companies to exclude from operating earnings the following four categories: 1) goodwill write-downs 2) charges for litigation 3) gains and losses on asset sales and 4) expenses related to mergers and acquisitions (Leisman and Weil 2001). Although S&P made recommendations, Proxim, Inc. , still excluded restructuring charges, research and development costs while Cisco Systems, Inc. , also excluded restructuring, stock option exercise and research and developments costs on their pro forma reports, one of the reasons might be based on the belief that stock prices will fluctuate with high volatility, for example, when Rainforest Cafe announced earnings per share that was lower than expectations the stock price plummeted by 40% on a single day (Sloan and Skinner). Although managers may want to convince the investors their company’s value by providing pro forma reports that is plausible, they may want to consider the fact that this is only short term credibility because according to Hirst et al. (1999) only when the prior forecast is accurate do they consider future forecasts. The choices aren’t clear-cut on why the management continues to release misleading pro forma reports, the incentives behind them may be bonuses tied to stock prices or on the other hand management may want to release pro forma reports that is symmetrical to financial statements to reduce the asymmetry of information between managers, analysts and shareholders (Ajinkya and Gift 1984; Verrecchia 2001). It would be best for management to issue accurate pro forma reports to maintain creditability with the shareholders and the analysts because in the long-run the investors will depend on the entity’s reports for accuracy thus creating creditability which is the fundamental foundation of any business.

Who Is the Longest Reigning British Monarch

On September 9th, 2015, Queen Elizabeth II became the longest reigning monarch in the whole of British history. She came to the throne on February 6th, 1952 and, having previously become the oldest monarch ever to rule Britain, took the longest reigning title aged 89. She remains an overwhelmingly popular figure, both in Britain and around the world. She was crowned in 1953, and her long marriage to the Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, means she is the only reigning British monarch to experience a diamond wedding anniversary. In contrast, the longest ruling Prime Minister in Elizabeth’s reign was Margaret Thatcher at over eleven years, there have been twelve Prime Ministers, and seven popes. Elizabeth has outlasted many world rulers. With a rule of sixty-three plus years there are several generations of Britons who have never known any other head of state, and her passing will be a particularly uncertain time for a country that has changed so much. With the exception of a small public relations blip in the 90s, she has adapted to change well and there is little precedent to follow. Her life has been dedicated to fulfilling the role of Queen. When the royal family has had criticism, Elizabeth has mostly avoided it. She has certainly avoided outspoken comments and has supported her governments quietly behind the scenes. Prime Ministers, who have regular private meetings, speak highly of her and the relationships she has with them. When Britain was voting on whether to leave the European Union, newspapers tried to involve her, but she managed to stay out of the decision. The same occurred with a vote on whether Scotland should leave the United Kingdom, although there never appeared to be any question of the country rejecting the queen as well as their neighbors. The Former Longest Reining British Monarch Elizabeth II took the title from Queen Victoria, also a ruler of the combined Britain.  Queen Victoria took the throne on June 20, 1837, and died on January 22, 1901, for a total of 63 years, 7 months and 3 days. Unusually for a monarch with a long reign, both took the throne as adults, Victoria a few weeks after her eighteenth birthday, dying aged 81. Elizabeth was twenty-five when she succeeded; Victoria was her great, great grandmother. Its very common for monarchs with long reigns to have started when they were children, which makes Elizabeths longevity all the more remarkable. Victoria reigned over a far larger area than Elizabeth, as the British Empire was at its height, whereas Elizabeth is head of state in the UK and fifteen Commonwealth countries. The Longest Reigning Monarch in Europe While sixty-three years is a long period of rule, it’s not the longest in European history. That’s believed to belong to Bernard VII of Lippe, who ruled his state in the Holy Roman Empire for eighty-one years, two hundred and thirty-four days in the fifteenth century (and lasted despite earning the nickname The Bellicose). Close behind him is William IV of Henneberg-Schleusingen, whose over seventy-eight and a half year rule was also in a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Longest Reigning Monarch in the World King Sobhuza II of Swaziland had an advantage when it came to long reigns because he inherited the throne while just four months old. He lived from 1899 to 1982 and clocked up eighty-two years and two hundred and fifty-four days; believed to be the longest period of rule in the world (and certainly the longest that can be proved).

Teen Parenthood - 741 Words

So this is permanence 1: The short story  ´So this is permanence ´ is written by Stephanie Soileau and the theme is teen parenthood. Sarah drops out of her school because of her pregnancy which she hides from her mother. After the pregnancy her life gets difficult, she is frustrated and unhappy with the baby boy, she finds it hard to establish a bond with her baby. Her mother does not know about the situation until its too late to get an abortion. Sarah can ´t fill out the baby ´s needs and cares, her top priority in her life is not about her baby. She then confronts the baby ´s father who is unaware of the situation and is seventeen-years old, he gets irritated and leaves to the rests rooms. Meanwhile the father is in the rest room,†¦show more content†¦You can ´t leave a baby and specially not with somebody you hardly know. What would have happen later in the story if it continued, would the father even realize that she was gone and the baby was left alone with a  ´somebody ´. The father went to the restroom to get high, this is shows that neither he is ready to have a child. It ´s careless and unthoughtful leaving a baby in a diner, Sarah makes the baby look like a plate with some leftovers you can ´t eat and then desert it, waited to get picked up and throw-ed out. 4: There is a lot of bad sides with being a teen parent, some teen parents aint ready to have a child. Some of them are feeling that they are wasting their youth on the child when there is so many things they ratter will. Some teen parents are partying every weekend instead of taking care of their children, they place them overnight at their friends, family and so on. Another example could be your economy, a child is expensive and some can ´t have a job because they go to school plus they put all their time on the baby. It could be such things as clothes and food, your family could help you but in the end its your own responsibility of taking care of your child. The last bad thing about teen parenthood is your mental condition. Your might think you are ready, but you still feel that you need to do a lot things in your life, such as traveling out to see the whole world or buy a new computerShow MoreRelatedTeen Parenthood Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pageswhy this is happening. People began turning to companies like planned parenthood for answers to why this is happening and look for a solution. As teen and unplanned pregnancy become of a problem in society, planned parenthood is taking the bull by the horns and providing younger and older mothers alike with solutions such as birth control, abortion, and implants. According to â€Å"Us Abortions Stats† within the last 10 years, teen pregnancy has become more of a problem among teenagers and in turn hasRead MoreMargaret Sanger s Revolution For Women s Rights1716 Words   |  7 Pagesover-populated beyond capacity for life on Earth. 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The selling fetal tissue for profit is an illegal activity in the United States therefore the topic alone became of interest to the public. Due to the graphicRead MoreShould The Federal Government Continue Funding Planned Parenthood?1501 Words   |  7 PagesFederal Government continue funding Planned Parenthood? Planned Parenthood is an organization that has been around since at least 1921. Recently, it has been in the limelight due to the on-going Presidential debates leading up to the 2016 election. It appears that the Republicans want to take away all federal funding to shut down the clinics where as the democrats believe that the republicans are misguided in their claims. The â€Å"Planned Parenthood Federation of America† is a non profit organizationRead MoreHistorical Perspective Of The Services Provided And The Funding Or Lack Thereof1362 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspective of the Services Provided and the Funding or Lack Thereof Planned Parenthood is an organization dedicated to fighting for women’s health and rights as well as equality (History and Success, 2015). Margaret Sanger, an activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse is credited for finding the organization. She knew the effects firsthand of what women went through when dealing with an unwanted pregnancy. Her mother birth eighteen children and out of the eighteen, eleven survived. AsRead MoreMargaret Sanger s The First Birth Control Movement1288 Words   |  6 PagesSanger was known for leading the birth control movement. She financed the research needed to develop â€Å"the pill†, an easy form of birth control that women could take themselves. She also founded the Planned Parenthood Federation Of America continuing her legacy of authoritative work to allow parenthood and birth control to be much easier. Margaret Sanger left a legacy of leading the birth control movement. Margaret Sanger was born on September 14th, 1879 to Anne Purcell Higgins and Michael Hennessy HigginsRead MoreMargaret Sanger : A Birth Control Activist1508 Words   |  7 Pagesrights by writing books and articles about women’s sexuality and rights, opening up the first birth control clinic, and helping legalize women’s birth control despite the Comstock Law, which lead to women’s sexual liberation, the start of Planned Parenthoods and women’s reproductive rights and control over their own bodies. Sanger’s literary works from articles to books, including What Every Girl Should Know, â€Å"The Woman Rebel† and Woman and the New Race helped other women learn more about their bodiesRead MoreHow Teens Have A Sexual Education1081 Words   |  5 Pagesa very important source for information also. Social media or television also provides a lot of answers to many questions while allowing teens to stay anonymous. It seems that the severity of the issue or question determines where teenagers will find their answers. According to a Planned Parenthood survey (Planned Parenthood, 2012, para.1), 50% of the teens are uncomfortable talking to their parents about sex but only 19% of parents are uncomfortable having the sex talk. The good news is parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Birth Control And Abortion2816 Words   |  12 Pagesobscenities (Case Western University, 2010). The Comstock Laws declared family planning and contraception illegal and obscene (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2014). In 1916 Margaret Sanger, her sister, and a friend, opened the first Birth Control Clinic in Brooklyn, New York (Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 2014). According to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (2014), Margaret Sanger â€Å"witnessed the sickness, misery, and death that result from unwanted pregnancy and illegalRead MoreParenthood Is A Health Care Provider1730 Words   |  7 PagesPlanned Parenthood is a health care provider that focuses on supplying women and men of all ages and backgrounds with health care and sex education. This includes, but is not limited to, contraception, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases, screenings for cancers, sexual education courses, and, most notably, abortions. Planned Parenthood finds itself at the center of much controversy specifically for its role in terminating pregnancies, as well as providing students with sex education

The Milgram Study On Obedience - 1731 Words

The Milgram study was considered to be one of the most famous studies, on obedience in the history of psychology. The Milgram study was done by Stanley Milgram a Yale University psychologist, whose study was to focus on two things one being obedience to authority, and a persons personal conscience. The results of the study were remarkable, as according to (McLeod, 2007) 65 percent of two-thirds of the participants or teachers continued administering shocks to the highest voltage level of 450 volts. The rest of the teachers continued to at least 300 volts. Milgram did this experiment in 18 different ways and altered the independent variables in each trail to see how it affects the outcome or dependent variable. Milgram’s experiment was directly influenced by World war 2 and the holocaust, and while Milgram wanted to test how far people would go in obeying instructions even at the risk of hurting someone. Following Milgram’s experiment he came up with two types of theorie s, one being the autonomous state, which says that people tend to direct their own actions, and take responsibility for the results of those actions. The second theory is the agentic state which says that people will allow other’s to direct their actions, and then pass the responsibility for the consequences off on the person who gave them the orders, or in short they act as agents for someone else s will (Milgram, 1974). Milgram’s study set out to prove something and it did just that, it proved that peopleShow MoreRelatedmilgrams study into obedience777 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss two factors that Milgram found effect obedience? Refer to empirical evidence in your answer Milgram’s original study into obedience came under to a lot of scrutiny because of both mythological and ethical problems. This meant that the validity of Milgram’s study was put into question. Following the study were further investigations to see what might change and explain the results that Milgram found, both by Milgram himself and other psychologists. Variations to his study throw up interestingRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early ageRead MoreStanley Milgram s Obedience Study1325 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology 230 Stanley Milgram’s obedience study has become one of the most timeless experiments and is thought of as a work of art. In this experiment, Milgram examined if individuals would take requests from authority figures regardless if they felt that the requests were ethical or not. Milgram chose members for this study by daily paper advertising for male participants to partake in an investigation at Yale University. In World War II, Nazis justified killings by saying that they were simplyRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1313 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiment performed by Stanley Milgram titled â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†. Stanley Milgram conducted his study in June of 1961 at Yale University. Three months prior to the start of the experiment, a former Nazi war criminal named Adolf Eichmann was put on trial for his involvement with the Nazi party. At the time, society questioned whether Eichmann and other war criminals could be held responsible for their crimes or if they were simply following orders. Milgram designed his experiment to shedRead MoreThe Fundamental Attribution Error : The Milgram Obedience Study Performed By Stanley Milgram957 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. Studies show that in most cases socially we want to fit in with a group, don’t want to be different, don’t want to be wrong, and in many instances act different than what our typical personality and values are based on influencing social factors. One of the main factors that often contributes to how we act in certain situations is to obey those in authority positions. The studies provided below are examples of the show how behaviors can change based on social factors. The Milgram ObedienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Behavioral Study Of Obedience 965 Words   |  4 Pagessubmission or obedience.   In Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†, he elaborates on the notion of obedience with accordance to the behaviors of a higher power and his subjects. Milgram’s defines obedience as â€Å"the psychological mechanism that links individual  action  to political  pur-pose.  It  is the dispositional  cement  that  binds men to systems of authority† (371). Milgram’s experiment was conducted with response to the Nazi war trials. Through experimentation, Milgram discovered theRead MoreThe Concentration Camps : Dr. Milgram s Study On Obedience Of Everyday Normal People990 Words   |  4 Pageshe does best to find support for his position from others in his group. The mutual support provided by men for each other is the strongest bulwark we have against the excesses of authority. (Milgram, 1974) In 1963, the Yale psychologist Milgram had performed a very controversial experiment on the obedience of participants towards an authority’s orders. He had discovered that a very small marginal of participants could resist the demands of an authority figure. This experiment was about learningRead MoreOutline the Simalarities and Differences Between Milgrams (1963) Obedience Study and Burgers (2009) Replication1550 Words   |  7 PagesKaren Bullen R2208481 DE 100 Investigating Psychology 1 TMA02 Outline the similarities and differences between Milgrams (1963) obedience study and Burgers (2009) replication. This essay will look at an important key psychological experiment carried out by the renowned social psychologist Stanley Milgram which was carried out in the early 1960’s (Banyard 2012) to determine how far ordinary people would go to inflict pain to a fellow human based on instruction from an authority figure, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesStill, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired by Nazi trials, Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist, questions the social norm in â€Å"Perils of Obedience† (1964), where he conducted a study to test how far the average American was willing to for under the pressures of an authority figure. Milgram s study showed that under the orders of an authoritative figure, 64% of average Americans had the capabilityRead MoreStanley Milgram s Research On Obedience863 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering â€Å"shocks† to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical towards

Compare the two poems “ Boy driving his father to confession by Seamus Heaney and Praise song for my mother by Grace Nichols Essay Example For Students

Compare the two poems â€Å" Boy driving his father to confession by Seamus Heaney and Praise song for my mother by Grace Nichols Essay When asked to compare the two poems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Boy driving his father to confession by Seamus Heaney and Praise song for my mother by Grace Nichols the first thing that stuck out was the difference in layout. Seamus Heaneys poem is written in longer sentences and reads more like a story. Grace Nichols poem is a lot shorter with only two words in some lines and it compares her mother to various things. Seamus Heaney writes about his father in a realistic way, never praising him and only focussing on his bad points. Grace Nichols on the other hand only praises her mother, so much that I felt that this poem was a lie, nobody thinks that their parent is that perfect. Praise song for my mother is written in the past tense so maybe her mother is dead and she has written this poem in her memory, only praising her good points because maybe she feels guilty that they could have been closer. In the last line of the poem it says Go into your wide futures, you said perhaps the daughter went overseas and didnt see her mother for a long time and now feels guilty that while away her mother was ill and died and had to face this without her daughter by her side. I think its easier to see the good points in someone if you are away from them for a long time, you dont have to see their bad points and like the saying says absence makes the heart grow fonder. Boy driving his father to confession tells us about the difficult relationship between Seamus and his father. You are immediately aware of this in the title, instead of writing son he has written boy. I think that men find it difficult to talk about their feelings and emotions. Seamus Heaney tells us that on only four occasions has he seen his father let his guard down and show his emotions. The picture I get of his father is a very private man who keeps himself to himself he probably doesnt talk to his son about anything personal only to tell him to do his homework, wash the car, tidy the room etc. I also feel that if they had to discuss an item of news the father would not accept the sons point of view. The writer Grace Nichols is Caribbean and because of this has written her poem comparing her mother to various things found in the Caribbean, in line 12 she has written the flame trees spread to me followed by the crabs leg / the fried plantain smell. I think that my mother would be upset to be compared to something that I used to look for in rock pools on holidays. The diet of the Caribbean people is very different to ours. Her mother appears to have been very hippy like. Grace compares her to water, deep and bold and fathoming.  I think that the mother understood her daughter well, and because of this allowed her to make her own decisions and perhaps learn by her own mistakes. In the second verse she compares her mother to the moon you were moons eye to me, pull and grained and mantling. Her mother would always look out for Grace, perhaps Grace didnt always agree with her mother but she always knew that her mother would protect her. The third verse you were sunrise to me rise a nd warm and streaming. This again shows the Caribbean influence with the reference to the sunrises à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" more common there than in Wales. .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .postImageUrl , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:hover , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:visited , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:active { border:0!important; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:active , .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80 .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50547eb36801b49551b7ea96e22f1e80:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women in Hamlet EssaySeamus Heaney is an Irish, Roman Catholic, we know his religion from the end of the poem where he drops his father at the church so he can go to confession. Seamus Heaney appears to be reflecting on his relationship with his father, Here at the churchyard I am slowing down to meet you, the fourth time on common ground. Why is he driving his father to confession? He writes you grunt, and slam the door. I watch another who gropes awkwardly to know his father. The Roman Catholics use the term father for God. Does his father have to make peace with God because he is dying, is this why Seamus is prepared to meet his father because he may not be around for long. Seamus Heaney struggles to understand his father. I think that he was a reserved man who when his other son died was terribly upset and Seamus was startled to find that his father didnt know what to do to make things better. They appear to have been a family whose life was fairly routine and ordinary, when his mother goes away for a holiday they take her to the airport and his father is upset. I was shocked at your tears when my mothers plane took off he writes In twelve years you had not been apart for one whole day till this long talked of holiday Perhaps even though this had been discussed the father didnt really think the mother would go without him, why did she go away? Perhaps there was another reason, maybe the two parents werent getting along anymore. Having shown his emotions to his son at the airport he is then embarrassed and takes him for a beer. When his father tells Seamus a smutty story he is trying to treat his son like one of his mates, and Seamus writes We both knew this was an unprecedented breakthrough. Perhaps his father was finding it easier to get along with his son the older he got. You asked me to drive up to church, and sit morose as ever. I think his father was a moody man, never really happy with his life and now has had to make a big decision to confess to God about his life, and tries to hide his feelings by telling his  son how to drive the car. I preferred Boy driving his father to confession to Praise song for my mother I think its because the Irish culture is similar to our own and the references in Praise Song do not really mean much to me, also Seamus Heaney poem is more of a story with Grace Nichols poem you have to think about what she means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" when she refers to her mother as pull and grained and mantling. Perhaps also because I am a son I relate better to Boy driving his father to confession.

Philosophic Dilemma

If, as the President of Helpo Pharmaceuticals, I was to assess the provided ethical dilemma within the conceptual framework of Utilitarian theory, I would end up deciding in favor of subjecting South African villagers to drug-testing, as something fully ethical/moral.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophic Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because, given the fact that Utilitarian theory’s foremost theoretical premise is being concerned with the notion of ‘maximization of benefits’1, it will only be logical, on my part, to assume that the potential benefits, which will come as a result of people in Western countries being provided with the effective cancer-drug, would dramatically overweigh the dubious benefits of considering the lives of South African villagers as such that represent a some kind of ‘sanctified’ value. After all, according to the proponents of U tilitarian theory, it is only one’s life that can be enjoyed, which deserves ‘living’, in the first place. This partially explains why Utilitarianists tend to think of the notion of ‘life’s worth’ as being synonymous with the notion of ‘pleasure’, regardless of whether this pleasure is being of sensual, aesthetic or intellectual essence: â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do†.2 And, as we are being well aware of – there has always been a positive correlation between the extent of people lives’ ‘enjoyableness’ and these people’s ability to act as the agents of cultural/social/technological progress. This is exactly the reason why Western countries continue to serve as a magnet to the hordes of legal and illegal immigrants from the Third World. Once in Western countries, these peo ple find themselves in a position to start enjoying their lives, for a change, as opposed to be continuously preoccupied with looking for eatable insects and plants, in time free from indulging in a tribal warfare, as it is often being the case in their native ‘spiritually rich’ but technologically and culturally backward countries. Therefore, when assessed through the lenses of Utilitarian theory, there is nothing unethical about subjecting South African villagers to drug-testing – even if some of these people die, during the course of a process, it will not account for any real tragedy, whatsoever. The reason for this is simple – just as it is being the case with the value of natural resources, for example, the value of one’s life is never ‘intrinsic’ but always ‘circumstantial’. To put it plainly – the more there are people, whose existence depends on technology-extensive exploitation of natural resources (as it i s being the case in Africa), the more their lives drop in value, and vice versa.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it does not come as a particular surprise that in Africa, the value of one’s life appears particularly cheap – after all, for a duration of last few decades, most African countries never ceased suffering from the acute problem of overpopulation. And, the lesser appears to be the value of a particular individual’s life, the lesser would be the number of potential objections against turning such an individual into the subject of drug-testing – pure and simple.3 When, as the President of Helpo Pharmaceuticals, I was to analyze the dilemma of whether to make South African villages the subjects of a drug-testing within the framework of Kantian theory, I would come to a qualitatively opposite conclusion. Specifically – I would assume a strongly defined negative stance towards the idea that humans can be used as the subjects of medical experimentation. This is because such an idea stands in striking opposition to the foremost principle of Kant’s moral philosophy, commonly known as ‘categorical imperative’: â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you†.4 Given the fact that I would not like any medicine to be tested on me, especially if I remained completely unaware of it, I do not have a moral right to suggest that such a testing could be done on others. There is also another reason why, if I believed in the conceptual legitimacy of Kantian ethics, I would refrain from experimenting with the new cancer-drug on South-African villagers – experimenting on humans can never become a commonplace practice. It is important to understand that the actual reason why Utilitarian theorists would most definitely refer to such a practice as fully appropriate is that, in their eyes, it is being circumstantially justified. Kantian theory, however, suggests that the measure of just about any practice’s ethical appropriateness is being reflective of the extent of its ‘universality’: â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law†. 5 In other words, in order for the Kantians to be able to refer to the idea that South African villagers may be subjected to a medical experimentation as ethically legitimate, there would have to be no obstacles on the way of adopting the practice of secret medical experimentation on humans, as the integral part of health care system’s overall functioning. This, however, would prove impossible. Deciding in favor of allowing South African villagers to be experimented upon would also contradict another important provision of Kantian ethics, concerned with emphasizing the sheer inappropriateness of referring to people as merely the ‘m eans’.6Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophic Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, given the fact that Kantian theory insists that the extent of just about every ethics-related decision positively relates to the measure of such a decision’s affiliation with the notion of rationale, there is a theoretical possibility for the idea of subjecting South African villagers to drug-testing to be defined as being perfectly ethical. This is because it is specifically the rationale-driven realization of a simple fact that the testing of a new cancer-drug on South African villagers may save the lives of millions and millions of incurably ill patients with cancer, which prompted me to consider giving ‘go ahead’ to this testing, in the first place. After all, even today it remains a universal practice among health care professionals to go about providing their patients with t he treatment in a manner that often appears irrespective of these patients’ emotional anxieties. For example, if the only way to save a particular patient’s life would be amputating his or her gangrened leg, it will be amputated – regardless of whether the patient agrees with it or not. This actually points out to Kantian theory’s foremost shortcoming – apparently, contrary to what this theory implies, treating people as ‘means’ often appears to be fully consistent with the principle of universality. The main theoretical premise, upon which the provisions of Virtue Ethicist theory appear to be based, is the assumption that – neither the initial intention, behind one’s choosing in favor of a particular course of action, nor such action’s actual consequences, may be truly reflective of the extent of action’s ethical appropriateness. It is specifically the nature of action’s varying affiliation with Aris totelian four basic ‘virtues’ (justice, temperance, courage and wisdom) that provides us with the insight into whether such an action could be considered ethically legitimate or not.7 In its turn, this suggests theory’s implicational ambiguity – hence, making it quite inapplicable, when it comes to dealing with truly complicated ethical issues. For example, if I was to utilize Virtue Ethicist theory, while assessing the ethical subtleties of an idea of subjecting South African to drug-testing, there would be a number of good reasons for me to think of proceeding with this idea’s practical implementation as being fully ethical.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After all, such a decision, on my part, would be fully consistent with: a) the virtue of courage (by testing the new cancer-drug on South African villagers, I would be exposed to the prospect of facing criminal charges) b) the virtue of temperance (I would make a point in reducing the number of human guinea pigs down to a minimum) c) the virtue of justice (depriving millions and millions of Western cancer-patients of a chance to save their lives, at the expense of saving the lives of few South African tribesmen, would be deemed unjust) d) the virtue of wisdom (the notion of wisdom usually proves utterly inconsistent with the notion of conventional morality, especially if this morality has clearly defined religious or ‘politically correct’ undertones to it). This is actually the reason why it never occurred to the Nazi surgeons that their practice of turning concentration camps’ inmates into human guinea pigs was unethical – in these people’s minds, such their practice was deemed highly virtuous. In its turn, this once again exposes the conceptual fallaciousness of an idea that the extent of a particular action’s ethical appropriateness/inappropriateness is being irrespective of this action’s actual consequences. I believe that the provided earlier line of argumentation, in regards to how the case study’s dilemma would be perceived through the conceptual lenses of Utilitarian, Kantian, and Virtue Ethicist theories, suggests that it is namely the utilization of Utilitarian theory (to address this dilemma) should be considered the most appropriate. This is because, unlike what it is being the case with Kantian and Virtue Ethicist theories, Utilitarian theory is being correlative with the innermost subtleties of how people indulge in a rationale-driven cognition. After all, while tackling a particular challenge, we are being naturally prompted to assess the appropriateness/inappropriateness of addressing this challenge in one way or another in regards to how we may benefit/suffer from adopting a particular stance towards the challenge. For example, if I was asked to lend $100 to the one of my closest friends, I would most likely to decide in favor of lending the money. If, however, my closest friend had approached me with the request to lend him $10.000, without having to sign any legal papers, I would decline this request as ‘unethical’. This is because the latter scenario implies that the potential risk of losing $10.000 overweigh the potential benefits of staying on good terms with my friend. The same can be said about the ethical subtleties of an idea of subjecting South African villagers to medical experimentation. As it was shown in paper’s Part 1, the benefits of making the new-cancer drug available to the patients (which could only be accomplished if this drug is being thoroughly tested on humans), overweigh the benefits of not endangering these villagers†™ lives, especially given the fact that there is no particularly high value to their lives, in the first place. Endnotes: 1 See Bentham’s conceptualization of ‘maximization of benefits’ (p. 38). 2 Despite such Bentham suggestion’s simplicity, it nevertheless remains scientifically legitimate (p. 38). 3 Utilitarian theory denies objectiveness to the concept of ‘human rights’ (p. 41). 4 Kant’s ‘moral imperative’ does not allow people’s ‘objectualization’ (p. 43) 5 Kant refers to the appropriateness/inappropriateness of just about every act as ‘thing in itself’ (p. 43). 6 Kant specifies that under no circumstances may people’s well-being be sacrificed for the sake of some ‘higher good’ (p. 43). 7 Aristotle also defines nine additional or ‘second order’ virtues (p. 44). Reference: Tittle, P. (2000). Ethical issues in business: inquiries, cases, and readings. Pe terborough: Broadview Press Ltd. This essay on Philosophic Dilemma was written and submitted by user Maximilian Duke to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.